Neuroplasticity, Central Sensitization and Odontogenic Referred Orofacial pain

Patients presenting with referred dental orofacial pain are not rare in dental clinics. The most common cause for referred dental craniofacial pain is of odontogenic origin. An accurate diagnosis will depend on a comprehensive clinical exam and dental history review. For differential diagnosis, it is critical to consider both the odontognic and nonodontogenic etiology. Once a correct diagnosis is established, a proper treatment can be administrated by elimination of the etiology. We describe the updated mechanism for referred pain with neuronal plasticity and central sensitization theory. Through clinical cases, we elucidate how the diagnosis of odontogenic referred dental craniofacial pain is achieved, and the etiology is established. Because of its complex nature, odontogenic referred dental craniofacial pain can be misdiagnosed and patients may receive unnecessary procedures. Proper knowledge and strategy would help to achieve success in the diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic referred dental orofacial pain.